Further Maths Hyperbolic functions Practice Questions

Free Further Maths Hyperbolic functions practice questions with full step-by-step worked solutions. Covers hyperbolic-functions, exponential-definitions, identities, osborns-rule. Practise exam-style problems and check your method.

hyperbolic-functionsexponential-definitionsidentitiesosborns-ruledifferentiationintegration
Further Maths70 questionsStep-by-step solutions
Question 1
2 markseasy
Find the exact value of sinh⁡(ln⁡(2))\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(2\right)}\right)}.
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Worked solution

  1. Write down the expression to be evaluated

    sinh⁡(ln⁡(2))\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(2\right)}\right)}

    Start from the expression given in the question.

  2. Quote the exponential definition

    sinh⁡(x)=ex−e−x2\sinh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}

    Every hyperbolic function is defined directly in terms of exe^{x}.

  3. State the exact value

    sinh⁡(ln⁡(2))=34\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(2\right)}\right)}=\frac{3}{4}

    This is the exact value of the expression.

Answer
34\frac{3}{4}
Question 2
2 markseasy
Which of the following is the exact value of sinh⁡(ln⁡(3))\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(3\right)}\right)}?
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Worked solution

  1. Write down the expression to be evaluated

    sinh⁡(ln⁡(3))\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(3\right)}\right)}

    Start from the expression given in the question.

  2. Quote the exponential definition

    sinh⁡(x)=ex−e−x2\sinh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}

    Every hyperbolic function is defined directly in terms of exe^{x}.

  3. State the exact value

    sinh⁡(ln⁡(3))=43\sinh{\left(\ln{\left(3\right)}\right)}=\frac{4}{3}

    This is the exact value of the expression.

Answer
43\frac{4}{3}
Question 3
4 marksintermediate
A function is defined by y=cosh⁡(4x)y=\cosh{\left(4x\right)}. Which of the following is dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}?
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Worked solution

  1. Write down the function

    y=cosh⁡(4x)y=\cosh{\left(4x\right)}

    Identify the structure before differentiating.

  2. Use the derivative of cosh⁡\cosh with NO sign change

    ddxcosh⁡(kx)=ksinh⁡(kx)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\cosh(kx)=k\sinh(kx)

    Unlike cos⁡\cos, differentiating cosh⁡\cosh does not introduce a minus sign.

  3. Confirm the result from the exponential definition

    ddx(cosh⁡(4x))=4sinh⁡(4x)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\left(\cosh{\left(4x\right)}\right)=4\sinh{\left(4x\right)}

    Differentiating the exponential form gives the same answer, which checks every sign.

  4. Differentiate with respect to xx

    dydx=4sinh⁡(4x)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=4\sinh{\left(4x\right)}

    Apply the standard derivatives together with the chain, product or quotient rule.

  5. Evaluate the derivative at x=1x=1

    dydx∣x=1≈109.1597\left.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\right|_{x=1}\approx109.1597

    A numerical value gives a quick check on the algebra.

  6. Select the correct derivative

    dydx=4sinh⁡(4x)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=4\sinh{\left(4x\right)}

    This is the required derivative.

Answer
4sinh⁡(4x)4\sinh{\left(4x\right)}
Question 4
6 markshard
Which of the following expressions is equal to arcosh⁡(x)\operatorname{arcosh}(x) for x≥1x\ge1?
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Worked solution

  1. Set yy equal to the inverse function

    y=arcosh⁡(x)  ⟺  cosh⁡(y)=xy=\operatorname{arcosh}(x)\iff \cosh(y)=x

    The inverse is defined by reversing the forward function.

  2. Write the forward function in exponential form

    ey+e−y2=x\frac{e^{y}+e^{-y}}{2}=x

    Now the equation can be solved algebraically.

  3. Multiply through and set w=eyw=e^{y}

    w2−2xw+1=0w^{2}-2xw+1=0

    A quadratic (or a simple equation) in w=eyw=e^{y} results.

  4. Solve for ww

    w=x±x2−1w=x\pm\sqrt{x^{2}-1}

    Both roots of the quadratic must be considered before one is chosen.

  5. Choose the admissible root

    w=x+x2−1≥1w=x+\sqrt{x^{2}-1}\ge1

    Only a positive ww is possible. For arcosh⁡\operatorname{arcosh} the PRINCIPAL branch additionally requires y≥0y\ge0, i.e. w≥1w\ge1, which rules out x−x2−1x-\sqrt{x^{2}-1}.

  6. Take logarithms

    y=ln⁡(x+x2−1)y=\ln{\left(x+\sqrt{x^{2}-1}\right)}

    This is the logarithmic form of the inverse function.

  7. Recall the exponential definition of sinh⁡\sinh

    sinh⁡(x)=ex−e−x2\sinh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}

    Every hyperbolic function is shorthand for a combination of exe^{x} and e−xe^{-x}.

  8. Recall the exponential definition of cosh⁡\cosh

    cosh⁡(x)=ex+e−x2\cosh(x)=\frac{e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2}

    This definition is the source of every hyperbolic identity.

  9. Recall the exponential definition of tanh⁡\tanh

    tanh⁡(x)=ex−e−xex+e−x\tanh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}

    The quotient of the previous two definitions gives tanh⁡\tanh.

  10. Quote the fundamental hyperbolic identity

    cosh⁡2(x)−sinh⁡2(x)=1\cosh^{2}(x)-\sinh^{2}(x)=1

    Osborn's rule turns cos⁡2+sin⁡2=1\cos^{2}+\sin^{2}=1 into a MINUS sign here, because sinh⁡2\sinh^{2} is a product of two sines.

  11. Select the correct logarithmic form

    arcosh⁡(x)=ln⁡(x+x2−1)\operatorname{arcosh}(x)=\ln{\left(x+\sqrt{x^{2}-1}\right)}

    This is the standard logarithmic form quoted in the formula book.

Answer
ln⁡(x+x2−1)\ln{\left(x+\sqrt{x^{2}-1}\right)}
Question 5
9 markschallenging
How many real solutions does the equation cosh⁡(2x)−5cosh⁡(x)+4=0\cosh{\left(2x\right)}-5\cosh{\left(x\right)}+4=0 have?
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Worked solution

  1. Write down the equation

    cosh⁡(2x)−5cosh⁡(x)+4=0\cosh{\left(2x\right)}-5\cosh{\left(x\right)}+4=0

    The NUMBER of real solutions is required, not the solutions themselves.

  2. Substitute u=exu=e^{x}

    u=ex>0u=e^{x}>0

    Every real xx gives exactly one positive uu, and every positive uu gives exactly one real xx.

  3. Remember that cosh⁡\cosh is even

    cosh⁡(−x)=cosh⁡(x)\cosh(-x)=\cosh(x)

    Solutions therefore come in ±\pm pairs, and the negative member is easy to lose.

  4. Count the admissible values of uu

    nu=3n_{u}=3

    Each positive real root of the polynomial in uu gives exactly one real value of xx.

  5. List the solutions

    x=0,x=±ln⁡(52+32)x=0,\quad x=\pm\ln{\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\right)}

    Writing them out confirms the count.

  6. Recall the exponential definition of sinh⁡\sinh

    sinh⁡(x)=ex−e−x2\sinh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}

    Every hyperbolic function is shorthand for a combination of exe^{x} and e−xe^{-x}.

  7. Recall the exponential definition of cosh⁡\cosh

    cosh⁡(x)=ex+e−x2\cosh(x)=\frac{e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2}

    This definition is the source of every hyperbolic identity.

  8. Recall the exponential definition of tanh⁡\tanh

    tanh⁡(x)=ex−e−xex+e−x\tanh(x)=\frac{e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}

    The quotient of the previous two definitions gives tanh⁡\tanh.

  9. Quote the fundamental hyperbolic identity

    cosh⁡2(x)−sinh⁡2(x)=1\cosh^{2}(x)-\sinh^{2}(x)=1

    Osborn's rule turns cos⁡2+sin⁡2=1\cos^{2}+\sin^{2}=1 into a MINUS sign here, because sinh⁡2\sinh^{2} is a product of two sines.

  10. Quote the double-angle formula for cosh⁡\cosh

    cosh⁡(2x)=cosh⁡2(x)+sinh⁡2(x)\cosh(2x)=\cosh^{2}(x)+\sinh^{2}(x)

    Osborn's rule flips the sign of the product of two sines, so this is a PLUS, unlike cos⁡(2x)\cos(2x).

  11. Quote the alternative double-angle form

    cosh⁡(2x)=2cosh⁡2(x)−1\cosh(2x)=2\cosh^{2}(x)-1

    Useful when an equation is to be written entirely in terms of cosh⁡(x)\cosh(x).

  12. Quote the second alternative double-angle form

    cosh⁡(2x)=1+2sinh⁡2(x)\cosh(2x)=1+2\sinh^{2}(x)

    Useful when an equation is to be written entirely in terms of sinh⁡(x)\sinh(x).

  13. Quote the double-angle formula for sinh⁡\sinh

    sinh⁡(2x)=2sinh⁡(x)cosh⁡(x)\sinh(2x)=2\sinh(x)\cosh(x)

    This one has the same shape as the circular version.

  14. Recall the derivative of sinh⁡\sinh

    ddxsinh⁡(x)=cosh⁡(x)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\sinh(x)=\cosh(x)

    Differentiating the exponential definition returns cosh⁡(x)\cosh(x).

  15. Recall the derivative of cosh⁡\cosh

    ddxcosh⁡(x)=sinh⁡(x)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\cosh(x)=\sinh(x)

    There is NO minus sign here: unlike cos⁡\cos, the derivative of cosh⁡\cosh is +sinh⁡+\sinh.

  16. State the number of real solutions

    n=3n=3

    This is the complete count of real solutions.

Answer
33

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