A-Level Trigonometric graphs Practice Questions

Free A-Level Trigonometric graphs practice questions with full step-by-step worked solutions. Covers exact values, sine, cosine, tangent. Practise exam-style problems and check your method.

exact valuessinecosinetangentradiansperiod
A-Level70 questionsStep-by-step solutions
Question 1
1 markeasy
Write down the exact value of sin⁡30∘\sin 30^\circ.
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Worked solution

  1. Recall the special angles

    Key angles: 0∘, 30∘, 45∘, 60∘, 90∘\text{Key angles: } 0^\circ,\,30^\circ,\,45^\circ,\,60^\circ,\,90^\circ

    There are five special angles whose sine, cosine and tangent we are expected to know by heart. The value of sin⁡30∘\sin 30^\circ is one of these, so we do not need a calculator.

  2. State the exact value

    sin⁡30∘=12\sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2}

    From the standard results, sin⁡30∘\sin 30^\circ is exactly one half. A quick check: on the sine graph the height at 30∘30^\circ is halfway up to the maximum of 1.

  3. Write the final answer

    sin⁡30∘=12\sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2}

    So the exact value is 12\tfrac{1}{2}. Keeping it as a fraction (not a rounded decimal) is what 'exact' means.

Answer
12\frac{1}{2}
Question 2
2 markseasy
Write down the coordinates of the maximum point of y=sin⁡xy=\sin x for 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.
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Worked solution

  1. Recall the maximum value of sine

    sin⁡x≤1\sin x \le 1

    The sine curve never rises above 1, so its maximum height is y=1y=1. We now need the xx-value where this happens.

  2. Find where the peak occurs

    sin⁡90∘=1\sin 90^\circ = 1

    Reading the graph, the peak of the first wave is at x=90∘x=90^\circ. This is one quarter of the way through the full 360∘360^\circ cycle.

  3. Write the coordinates

    (90∘, 1)(90^\circ,\ 1)

    So the maximum point is (90∘,1)(90^\circ,1).

Answer
(90∘, 1)(90^\circ,\ 1)
Question 3
3 marksintermediate
Solve cos⁡x=32\cos x = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} for 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.
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Worked solution

  1. Find the principal value

    x=cos⁡−1(32)=30∘x = \cos^{-1}\left(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) = 30^\circ

    Taking the inverse cosine of 32\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2} gives the basic angle 30∘30^\circ. This is the first solution.

  2. Decide where cosine is positive

    1st and 4th quadrants\text{1st and 4th quadrants}

    The value is positive, and cosine is positive in the first and fourth quadrants.

  3. Use symmetry for the second solution

    x=360∘−30∘x = 360^\circ - 30^\circ

    The cosine graph is symmetric about x=180∘x=180^\circ in a way that gives a partner solution at 360∘360^\circ minus the principal value.

  4. Evaluate the second solution

    x=330∘x = 330^\circ

    This gives x=330∘x=330^\circ, which is inside the range.

  5. Check the range

    0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ

    Both 30∘30^\circ and 330∘330^\circ lie in range; no others do.

  6. List all solutions

    x=30∘, 330∘x = 30^\circ,\ 330^\circ

    So the solutions are 30∘30^\circ and 330∘330^\circ.

Answer
x=30∘, 330∘x = 30^\circ,\ 330^\circ
Question 4
4 markshard
For the curve y=5cos⁡3x−2y=5\cos 3x - 2, which statement correctly gives its amplitude, period and range?
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Worked solution

  1. Identify the amplitude

    ∣5∣=5|5| = 5

    The number multiplying the cosine is 5, so the amplitude is 5. The curve rises 5 above and falls 5 below its centre line.

  2. Identify the period

    period=360∘3=120∘\text{period} = \frac{360^\circ}{3} = 120^\circ

    The 3 multiplying xx divides the usual period, giving 360∘3=120∘\tfrac{360^\circ}{3}=120^\circ.

  3. Find the centre line

    y=−2y = -2

    The −2-2 shifts the whole curve down, so it oscillates about the line y=−2y=-2.

  4. Work out the maximum

    ymax⁡=−2+5=3y_{\max} = -2 + 5 = 3

    The highest value is centre plus amplitude, −2+5=3-2+5=3.

  5. Work out the minimum

    ymin⁡=−2−5=−7y_{\min} = -2 - 5 = -7

    The lowest value is centre minus amplitude, −2−5=−7-2-5=-7.

  6. State the range

    −7≤y≤3-7 \le y \le 3

    So the range is from −7-7 to 33.

  7. Reject the wrong-period option

    period 360∘ ignores the 3\text{period } 360^\circ \text{ ignores the } 3

    An option giving period 360∘360^\circ has forgotten to divide by the 3 multiplying xx, so it is wrong.

  8. Reject the swapped option

    amplitude 3 confuses b with a\text{amplitude } 3 \text{ confuses } b \text{ with } a

    An option with amplitude 3 has mixed up the stretch factor 5 with the frequency 3, so it is wrong.

  9. Reject the wrong-shift option

    c=−2 gives centre y=−2c = -2 \text{ gives centre } y=-2

    An option with range starting at −2-2 has ignored that the whole curve drops by 2, so it is wrong.

  10. Choose the correct statement

    amplitude 5, period 120∘, −7≤y≤3\text{amplitude } 5,\ \text{period } 120^\circ,\ -7 \le y \le 3

    The correct option lists amplitude 5, period 120∘120^\circ and range −7≤y≤3-7\le y\le3.

Answer
Amplitude 5, period 120 degrees, range -7 <= y <= 3.
Question 5
7 markschallenging
Solve 2cos⁡2x+cos⁡x−1=02\cos^2 x + \cos x - 1 = 0 for 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.
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Worked solution

  1. Recognise the hidden quadratic

    let c=cos⁡x\text{let } c = \cos x

    The equation is a quadratic in cos⁡x\cos x. Writing c=cos⁡xc=\cos x turns it into 2c2+c−1=02c^2+c-1=0, which we can factorise like any quadratic.

  2. Write the quadratic

    2c2+c−1=02c^2 + c - 1 = 0

    Now it looks exactly like a standard quadratic equation in cc.

  3. Identify the coefficients

    a=2, b=1, c0=−1a = 2,\ b = 1,\ c_0 = -1

    Comparing with ac2+bc+c0=0ac^2+bc+c_0=0, the coefficients are a=2a=2, b=1b=1 and constant −1-1. We look for factors of a×(−1)=−2a\times(-1)=-2 that add to 11: these are +2+2 and −1-1.

  4. Factorise

    (2c−1)(c+1)=0(2c - 1)(c + 1) = 0

    We look for two brackets that multiply to give 2c2+c−12c^2+c-1. Checking: (2c−1)(c+1)=2c2+2c−c−1=2c2+c−1(2c-1)(c+1)=2c^2+2c-c-1=2c^2+c-1, correct.

  5. Solve each bracket

    c=12  or  c=−1c = \tfrac{1}{2} \ \text{ or } \ c = -1

    Setting each factor to zero gives cos⁡x=12\cos x=\tfrac12 or cos⁡x=−1\cos x=-1.

  6. First value: find the acute angle

    cos⁡−1(12)=60∘\cos^{-1}\left(\tfrac12\right) = 60^\circ

    For cos⁡x=12\cos x=\tfrac12 the basic angle is 60∘60^\circ.

  7. First value: quadrant solutions

    cos⁡x=12⇒x=60∘, 300∘\cos x = \tfrac12 \Rightarrow x = 60^\circ,\ 300^\circ

    Cosine is positive in the first and fourth quadrants, giving 60∘60^\circ and 360∘−60∘=300∘360^\circ-60^\circ=300^\circ.

  8. Second value: solve cosine = -1

    cos⁡x=−1⇒x=180∘\cos x = -1 \Rightarrow x = 180^\circ

    Cosine reaches −1-1 only at the bottom of its cycle, at x=180∘x=180^\circ.

  9. Combine the solutions

    x=60∘, 180∘, 300∘x = 60^\circ,\ 180^\circ,\ 300^\circ

    Putting both cases together gives three solutions.

  10. Check the factorisation

    (2c−1)(c+1)=2c2+c−1(2c-1)(c+1) = 2c^2 + c - 1

    Expanding the brackets returns the original quadratic, so the factorisation was correct — a quick safeguard against slips.

  11. Verify a solution

    2cos⁡260∘+cos⁡60∘−1=2(14)+12−1=02\cos^2 60^\circ + \cos 60^\circ - 1 = 2\left(\tfrac14\right) + \tfrac12 - 1 = 0

    Substituting x=60∘x=60^\circ gives 12+12−1=0\tfrac12+\tfrac12-1=0, confirming this solution.

  12. Verify the fourth-quadrant solution

    2cos⁡2300∘+cos⁡300∘−1=2(14)+12−1=02\cos^2 300^\circ + \cos 300^\circ - 1 = 2\left(\tfrac14\right) + \tfrac12 - 1 = 0

    Since cos⁡300∘=12\cos 300^\circ=\tfrac12 as well, substituting x=300∘x=300^\circ also gives 12+12−1=0\tfrac12+\tfrac12-1=0, confirming this solution.

  13. Explain why three, not four

    cos⁡x=−1 gives only one angle\cos x = -1 \text{ gives only one angle}

    The value cos⁡x=12\cos x=\tfrac12 gives two angles, but cos⁡x=−1\cos x=-1 gives only one (at 180∘180^\circ), so there are three solutions rather than four.

  14. Interpret using the graph

    lines y=12, y=−1 meet the curve\text{lines } y=\tfrac12,\ y=-1 \text{ meet the curve}

    The line y=12y=\tfrac12 cuts the cosine graph twice and y=−1y=-1 just touches it at the bottom, giving three intersection points.

  15. Check the range

    0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ

    All three values lie in the range.

  16. List all solutions

    x=60∘, 180∘, 300∘x = 60^\circ,\ 180^\circ,\ 300^\circ

    So the solutions are 60∘60^\circ, 180∘180^\circ and 300∘300^\circ.

Answer
x=60∘, 180∘, 300∘x = 60^\circ,\ 180^\circ,\ 300^\circ

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